BNP Paribas is a French international banking group. It is the 8th largest bank in the world based on total assets, and currently operates in presence in 75 countries. It was formed through the incorporation of the Banque Nationale de Paris (BNP) and Paribas in 2000, but it has a corporate identity stretching back to its first foundation in 1848 as a national bank. This is one of the three major international banks of France, along with Socià © à © Gà © à © nÃÆ'  © rale and Le CrÃÆ' © dit Lyonnais. The group is listed on Euronext Paris's first market and component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index, while also included in France's CAC 40 index.
With the retail banking and investment banking operations, banks are present on all five continents. Its retail banking network serves more than 30 million customers in its three domestic markets, France, Belgium and Italy through several brands such as BNL and Fortis. Retail banks also operate in the Mediterranean and Africa. In America, it operates in the western United States as Bank of the West and is the most important banking group in Hawaii through its subsidiary, First Hawaiian Bank. As an investment bank and international financial services provider for corporate and institutional clients, it is present throughout Europe, America and Asia.
BNP Paribas is the largest French banking group and the largest bank in the eurozone. It became one of the five largest banks in the world after the 2008 financial crisis. Despite some legal difficulties in the United States in 2014, including fined as the largest ever amount of repairs for violating US sanctions, remains one of ten banks the world's largest.
Video BNP Paribas
History
Briefly name
National Bank of Paris SA ( BNP ) - National Bank for Trade and Industry (BNCI) and National Discount Counter Paris (CNEP) - in 1966.
The Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas SA ( Bank of Paris and Netherlands ), or Paribas each in Paris and Amsterdam, in 1872.
Les Pays-Bas ("The Low Countries") is French for Dutch.
In May 2000, BNP and Paribas merged to form BNP Paribas, which is a derivative of four established banking institutions.
Heritage
BNP (Banque Nationale de Paris)
On March 7, 1848, the Provisional Government of France established the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP) in response to the financial shocks caused by the February 1848 revolution. The upheaval destroyed the old credit system, which had struggled to provide sufficient capital to meet the demands of the railroad boom and the resulting industrial growth. CEP grew steadily in France and abroad, although in 1889 there was a crisis where it put in curators.
Separately, on April 18, 1932, the French government replaced the Banque nationale de crà ©  © dit (BNC), which failed as a result of the 1930s recession, with the new bank Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI). The former headquarters of banks and staff were used to create BNCI with a fresh capital of 100 million francs. Banks initially grew rapidly through absorbing several regional banks that got into financial trouble. After the Second World War, it continued to grow steadily. The company expanded its retail business in France and its commercial business overseas in the French colonial empire.
After the end of the Second World War, the French state decided to "put banks and credits to work for national reconstruction". Renà ©  © Pleven, then Minister of Finance, launched a massive reorganization of the banking industry. A law passed on 2 December 1945 and which came into force on 1 January 1946 nationalized four leading French retail banks: Banque nationale pour le commerce et l'industrie (BNCI), Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP), CrÃI  © dit Lyonnais, and SociÃÆ' © tÃÆ'  © GÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale.
In 1966, the French government decided to combine the National Discount Bank of Paris with the National Bank for Trade and Industry to create a new bank called the National Bank of Paris < i> (BNP).
Bank re-privatized in 1993 under the leadership of Michel PÃÆ' Â © Bereau has a share of the government's privatization policy of this second Chirac.
Paribas (Bank of Paris and the Netherlands)
The Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Paribas) was set up on January 27, 1872, through the merger of the Banque de CrÃÆ'Â © dit et de DÃÆ'Â © pÃ'té Pays-Bas, which was founded in the year 1820 by Louis-RaphaÃÆ'Â ± l Bischoffsheim in Amsterdam, and Banque de Paris , founded in 1869 by a group of Parisian bankers. He went on to develop a strong investment banking business both domestically in France and abroad.
During the period from 1872 to 1913, he was involved in raising funds for the French and other governments and large businesses through a number of bond issues. It helped the French government raise funds during the First World War and raised further capital and expanded into investment into industrial companies during the Great Depression. It was stagnant and lost assets during the Second World War.
After World War II, he yearned for the nationalization of other French banks because of his status as an investment bank and managed to take advantage of it by expanding its operations abroad. It also directs its activities towards business and participates in the development and restructuring of the French industry, including names such as Groupe Bull and Thomson-CSF.
The bank was nationalized in 1982 by the government of Pierre Mauroy under FranÃÆ'§ois Mitterrand as part of a law that nationalized five major industrial companies, thirty-nine registered banks, and two financial companies, Suez and Paribas. It was privatized back in January 1987 by the Chirac government.
In the 1990s, Paribas had an active policy to acquire and divest. This includes selling Ottoman Banks to Do? Holding, and setting up a joint venture loan company Cetelem in Germany. It sold CrÃÆ' © dit du Nord to Socià © à © tÃÆ'  © gÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale and in 1998 it merged with Compagnie Bancaire , renamed the bank with the official name of Compagnie FinanciÃÆ' ¨re de Paribas .
Establishment of BNP Paribas
In 1999, BNP and Socià © à © tà © à © gÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale fought in a complex battle in the stock market, with SosiÃÆ' © GÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale bid Paribas and BNP bid SociÃÆ' © tÃÆ'  © gÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale and counter-deals for Paribas. BNP's offer to Socià © à © TÃÆ'Ã… © GÃÆ'  © nÃÆ'  © rale failed, while his bid for Paribas successfully led to the merger of BNP and Paribas a year later on May 22, 2000.
On August 9, 2007, BNP Paribas became the first major financial group to recognize the impact of the sub-prime crisis by closing the two affected funds. Today is now generally seen as the beginning of the credit crisis and the bank's quick reaction saved him from the fate of other major European banks such as UBS.
On October 6, 2008, the BNP took over 75% of troubled bank activity Fortis in Belgium, and 66% in Luxembourg, in exchange for the Belgian government being the main shareholder of the new group. The sale of Fortis shares was suspended by court order from the Court of Appeals on Friday 12 December
On December 14, 2008, the BNP announced it could lose EUR350 million as a victim of Madoff's fraud.
In late January, the Belgian government and the BNP negotiated for a 75% partnership in Fortis Bank Belgium. Fortis Insurance Belgium will be reintegrated at Fortis Holding.
On February 11, Fortis shareholders ruled that Fortis Bank Belgium and Fortis Insurance Belgium should not belong to BNP Paribas. However, the acquisition was completed, and BNP Paribas took 75% ownership of the shares and renamed the new subsidiary BNP Paribas Fortis. After this only Fortis Insurance International is left in Fortis Holding and this is renamed to Ageas, a business that has Insurance across Europe and Asia. The remaining Fortis Bank Netherlands is in the hands of the Dutch Government which combines it with other ABN AMRO ownership already owned by the name ABN AMRO.
In May 2009, BNP Paribas became the majority shareholder (65.96%) of the BGL (formerly Fortis Bank of Luxembourg), the State of Luxembourg maintaining 34% making BNP the largest bank in the eurozone with deposits held.
On September 21st, the registered bank name was changed to BGL BNP Paribas and in February 2010, BGL BNP Paribas became the owner of 100% BNP Paribas Luxembourg. This transfer was completed on October 1, 2010 with the merger of BNP Paribas Luxembourg business in BGL BNP Paribas operational platform. In 2013, BNP Paribas was awarded the Bank of the Year by The International Financing Review ("IFR"), the leading financial industry publication of Thomson Reuters. The IFR award is a key industry benchmark and the Bank of the Year award is the highest award.
BNP Paribas reached an agreement in December 2013 to acquire BGZ Bank Rabobank unit for approximately $ 1.4 billion. In September 2014, BNP completed the purchase of Bank BGZ with a final fee stated in the media to $ 1.3 billion.
In June 2014, BNP Paribas pleaded guilty to falsifying business records and conspiracy, after violating US sanctions against Cuba, Iran and Sudan. He agreed to pay a $ 8.9 billion fine, the largest ever to breach US sanctions at the time.
Maps BNP Paribas
Corporate Identity
The BNP Paribas logo since 2000 (designed by Laurent Vincent under the leadership of Director of Communications, Antoine Sire) is called "courbe d'envol" (flying curve). The stars offend Europe and universality. The transformation of the star into a bird reveals the openness, freedom, growth, and ability to change and adapt. The shape and movement of the curve put the logo in the universe of life. The green box symbolizes nature and optimism.
Business unit
In 2015, BNP Paribas Group in approximately two business areas:
Retail & amp; Services, a global network of nearly 7,000 branches, comprising the Domestic Market and International Financial Services, and Corporate & amp; Institutional Banking (CIB).
By the end of 2015, deposits were recorded at EUR700.3 billion and outstanding loans of EUR682.5 billion. The geographical income details are as follows: Europe (73.3%), America (11.8%), Asia Pacific (7.5%) and others (7.4%).
Retail banking
Retail banking is the largest business unit of BNP Paribas representing 72% of revenues by 2015. Its operations are concentrated in Europe, mainly in three French domestic markets, Italy (where they operate as Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL)), and Belgium (as BNP Paribas Fortis). The group also has an American subsidiary of BancWest which operates as Bank of the West in the western United States and First Hawaiian Bank in Hawaii. The Mediterranean European Group BNP Paribas also runs major retail banks in Poland, Turkey, Ukraine, and northern Africa.
BNP Paribas is the largest bank in the Eurozone with total assets and the second largest by market capitalization according to Bankers' magazine , just behind Banco Santander. It employs over 189,000 people, according to banks on December 31, 2015, of which 147,000 work in Europe, and maintains presence in 75 countries.
Domestic market
- France: BNP Paribas runs one of France's largest retail banking networks with 2,200 branches and more than 3,200 ATMs. In Paris alone the bank has 187 agents. BNP Paribas serves more than 6 million French households and 60,000 corporate customers. In 2009, the French Retail Banking (FRB) unit had revenues of EUR6.1 billion (15.2% of total group), EUR1.5 billion (15% of total group) revenue, and employed 31,000 people (15.4% of the total group workforce))
- Italy: In 2006, BNP Paribas bought the Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL), Italy's sixth largest bank at the time. In 2009, BNL has 810 branches in Italy, 2.5 million individual clients, and over 150,000 corporate clients. It earned revenues of EUR2.9 billion (7.2% of the total group) and EUR540 million net profit (9.3% of the total group), and employed about 13,000 employees (6.5% of the total group). Belgium: BNP Paribas acquired BNP Paribas Fortis when it acquired retail banking assets from Belgium Fortis lender in 2009. The agreement also includes Fortis subsidiaries in Poland and Turkey, now grouped under the division "Mediterranean Europe".
United States
In the United States, BNP Paribas owns BancWest, which in turn operates a retail banking subsidiary Bank of the West and First Hawaiian Bank. Bank of the West operates in 19 US West states (where it ranks as the 7th largest bank by assets), while First Hawaiian is Hawaii's leading bank with a 40% market share in deposits. Together, both banks operate 710 branches and serve 5 million clients.
The two banks were merged into BancWest 1998, and BNP Paribas took full control of the joint entity in 2001.
The group has a strong presence in niche markets such as loans for marine and recreational vehicles, church loans, and agribusiness. In 2009 BancWest had revenues of EUR2.1 billion (5.2% of the total group), and 11,200 employees (5.5% of the total number of group members). BancWest lost EUR223 million in 2009 largely because of its exposure in the subprime mortgage crisis in California, Arizona, and Nevada.
Emerging markets
In 2009, BNP Paribas reorganized its retail banking division by renaming the group "Emerging Markets" to the "Mediterranean Europe" group. This change is done because after the integration of Polish subsidiaries and Turkey Fortis Bank, the market activity of developing countries BNP Paribas is now highly concentrated in Eastern Europe and the southern half of the Mediterranean basin.
BNP Paribas is a member of the Global ATM Alliance, a joint venture of several major international banks allowing bank customers to use their ATM cards or check cards at other banks in the Global ATM Alliance at no additional cost while traveling abroad. Other participating banks are Barclays (UK), Bank of America (United States), China Construction Bank (China), Deutsche Bank (Germany), Santander Serfin (Mexico), UkrSibbank (Ukraine), Scotiabank (Canada) and Westpac (Australia ) and New Zealand).
Corporate and Institutional Banking
In addition to its retail activities, BNP Paribas is also a leading global investment bank through the Company & amp; Institutional Banking Unit. While present in all investment banking markets, it is recognized as a global leader in derivative trading, structured financing, and project finance.
The company is divided into 6 major business areas:
- Fixed Income: The BNP Paribas fixed income team helps companies protect their exposure to foreign exchange, interest rates and credit risk, primarily through structuring and selling derivative products such as exchange rates and currency exchange foreign currency, foreign exchange options and credit derivatives. It also trades in this market on behalf of the client or for its own ownership account. On a typical day, a quarter of a trillion dollars in fixed income instruments are traded on the BNP Paribas Americas fixed income trading floor located just blocks from the NASDAQ MarketSite in Manhattan, New York City.
- Equity & amp; Derivatives: BNP Paribas' Equity & amp; The subsidiary team helps companies manage their risk and investment portfolios with equity derivatives such as options, futures, and swaps, as well as highly complex and specialized solutions such as structured products. It is also traded in this market on behalf of the client or for his own ownership account.
- Commodity Derivatives: Commodity Derivative Team BNP Paribas helps clients protect their exposure to commodity risk through structuring and selling commodity futures and OTC commodity swaps. It is also traded in this market on behalf of its client or ownership account.
- Investment Banking: Corporate Finance Team BNP Paribas performs most of the traditional investment banking functions of the group including mergers and acquisition advisers, and equity improvement operations such as Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), rights issues and issues convertible bonds.
- Structured Finance: Structured Finance Group BNP Paribas offers client project financing solutions, export financing, syndicated loans and financing for leveraged acquisitions and purchases.
- Company & amp; Transaction Group: BNP Paribas Corporate and Transaction Group offers clients a simplified banking flow service including trade finance, international cash management, and basic hedging solutions.
In 2009, BNP CIB earned EUR12.2 billion (30% of total group) revenue, EUR4.4 billion in pre-tax income (48.9% of total group), and 18,000 employees (9.0% of total members group).
Investment solution
BNP Paribas's "Investment Solutions" unit includes asset management, custodial banking, real estate, insurance, online brokers, "Private Investors" and wealth management activities.
On June 11, 2008, BNP Paribas formally entered into an agreement to purchase the Primary Brokerage Services division of Bank of America Securities. Sales are expected to be completed by the end of the third quarter of 2008.
- Asset Management: The asset management activities of BNP Paribas are grouped under BNP Paribas Investment Partners. In 2009, BNP Paribas IP has 2,400 employees in over 70 countries and US $ 395.1 billion in managed assets (AuM) by 2014 according to Scorpio Partnership, an increase of 11% over 2013.
Events in 2005
On September 23, 2005, BNP Paribas will take a 20 percent stake in Nanjing City Commercial Bank of China, a Chinese official and a state press report said. "The BNP will sign an agreement with us to buy shares next month," an official from Nanjing City Commercial told AFP. Shanghai Morning Post based in Shanghai said the BNP will pay up to US $ 100 million, although bank officials say the figure is not true. He declined to give further details. The French newspaper La Tribune reported in August 2005 that BNP Paribas had spoken with four Chinese commercial banks - Ningbo, Wuxi, Nanjing and Suzhou - and was ready to invest US $ 50-100 million. "We've talked to different financial institutions, but only the BNP showed good intentions.It's not easy for us to reach an agreement," said Nanjing City Commercial Bank officials. BNP Paribas declined to comment. International Financial Corporation, the World Bank's investment agency, already has 15 percent of Commercial Bank of Nanjing City, which has regulatory approval to register in the country's domestic stock market.
Belgian state (via SFPI) (10.3%)
Primary subsidiary
Retail banking
- BNP Paribas France (over 2 200 branches)
- Bulgarian BNP Paribas
- BancWest (Bank of the West & First Hawaiian Bank in the US)
- BNP Paribas El DjazaÃÆ'¯r (Algeria)
- BMCI (Morocco)
- Banca Nazionale del Lavoro (BNL) (Italy)
- Turk Ekonomi Bankasi (TEB) (Turkey)
- BNP Paribas Fortis (Belgium, Germany, Poland, Turkey)
- BGL BNP Paribas (Luxembourg)
- Hello bank!
- Sahara Bank (Libya)
- UkrSibbank (Ukraine)
- BCI Mer Rouge Djibouti
- Banque de Wallis et Futuna
- Banque Internationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie du SÃ © Ã © nÃÆ' Â © gal (Senegal)
- BG Bank? BNP Paribas (Poland)
- Findomestic (Serbia)
- BNP PARIBAS Jordan (Jordan)
Other subsidiaries
- Alfred Berg
- BNP Paribas Arbitrage
- BNP Paribas Guarantee with Cardif, Pinnacle
- BNP Paribas Investment Partners
- BNP Paribas Partner for Innovation
- BNP Paribas Personal Finance UK (Creation of Financial Services Limited and Creation of Consumer Finance Limited)
- BNP Paribas Primebrokerag
- BNP Paribas Real Estate (formerly Atisreal)
- BNP Paribas Leasing solution with Arval, car rental, and Artegy
- BNP Paribas Securities Services
- Wealth Management of BNP Paribas
- Cetelem
- Consors Finanz
- CortalConsors
- FundQuest
- SBI Life Insurance Company Limited a joint venture insurance company with State Bank of India, India's largest financial services company, owned by the Indian government
- L'Atelier BNP Paribas
- BNP Paribas Personal Investors Luxembourg
- Protection 24
- SAIB-BNP Paribas Asset Management
Controversy
Allegations of antisemitic
In 2016, BNP reached a $ 40 million settlement with a Jewish employee. Previously, the employee was made to watch a training video. The film portrays Adolf Hitler as CEO of Deutsche Bank, one of the BNP's competitors and the surrounding Nazi army as Deutsche Bank executive. The video shows Hitler shouting at the soldiers. Also, his colleagues made a number of anti-semitic comments during his time at BNP Paribas.
Check processing
In 2010, the French government, Autorità © de la concurrence, fined BNP and 10 other banks of EUR384 million to collude to impose unauthorized charges on check processing, including additional fees during the transition from paper check transfers to electronic transfers "Exchange of Pictures -Check". On January 19, 2011 BNP sued Russian grain trader, OOO Rosinteragroservis, and its subsidiary OAO Kubankhlebprodukt, claiming US $ 20 million in debt and fines.
Nuclear investment
BNP Paribas is the largest investor in the nuclear sector as a bank, according to Profundo, with more than EUR13.5 billion in nuclear investments. On October 23, 2011 Greenpeace organized a protest against BNP Paribas in 24 French cities.
Breach of sanctions
On May 30, 2014, The Wall Street Journal reported that the US Department of Justice was negotiating possible allegations of guilt with BNP Paribas as well as the size of the fines generated for violating US regulations and avoiding US sanctions. The Justice Department is seeking a fine of more than US $ 10 billion, which is expected to be reduced to $ 8 or $ 9 billion in negotiations. BNP Paribas is said to have laundered up to US $ 100 billion from countries affected by Sudan, Iran and Cuba sanctions.
On July 1, 2014, BNP Paribas pleaded guilty in a New York state court to falsify business records and conspiracy in connection with the forgeries. Also expected to plead guilty in federal court for violating laws against money laundering. He agreed to pay $ 8.9 billion, the largest fine ever to breach US sanctions, and substantially more than the previous record of $ 1.9 billion. BNP Paribas is also banned for one year under the application agreement of certain transactions dominated by the US dollar. The penalties exceed the bank's annual revenues of 6.4 billion US dollars and the $ 1.1 billion previously allocated to anticipated fines.
Failure of banks to cooperate with multi-year investigations is given as a significant factor in the size of fines. In addition, BNP Paribas continues to process transactions approved after the investigation begins. About 30 employees left the bank as a result of the investigation. According to the FBI New York Field Office and Chief Richard Weber of the Internal Revenue Service-Criminal Investigation (IRS-CI) "BNPP deliberately ignores the law and provides rogue states, and Sudan in particular, with vital access to the global financial system, without the law to protect and support terrorists and persecute their own people.The sentence today shows that financial institutions will be severely punished but precisely for violating the laws of sanctions and risking our national security interests. "
After the fines are announced, the BNP says it will be "okay" and it has a "comprehensive plan" to avoid similar violations in the future. The company's shares, which have fallen 12% since news of the first investigation leaked, rose 4% on the announcement. To comply with the ban on transactions, BNP Paribas will use third parties to remove US transactions. Standard & amp; Poor's said it was reviewing the bank's financial status in light of fines and a penalty for a possible downgrade.
Russian President Vladimir Putin is accused without providing supporting evidence that the US government used the case to punish France for selling the Mistral amphibious assault ship to Russia. He said large fines and imposition of sanctions on French banks were a result of US displeasure with France's decision not to stop selling. Former European Central Bank President Jean-Claude Trichet earlier said that large fines are unfair or comparable to violations and could disrupt the global banking system.
152 million risk management affairs
FAZ Germany, FOCUS, Bloomberg, and French newspaper Les Echos published an article about 152 Million EUR wrong (wrong trade) in which BNP Paribas Arbitrage allegedly involved. The bank has sold securities for 326,400 EUR to Armin S. investors but the value of securities is 163 Million EUR according to the bank.
According to the article, the error remained unconscious for several days. The BNP has even confirmed the original price. However, trade cancellations are only possible until the following day in accordance with the prevailing trade rules.
Michael Lusk published an article about the case under the heading " Does the bank's internal control system work? "
Armin S.'s lawyer, Mario BÃÆ'¶gelein states in an article that the bank does not recognize this error should not be protected by law.
The Financial Times published an article in March 2018 on a case with the title "BNP Paribas failed to trade books in Germany for a week" . They cite an internal document showing why an error has not been detected: apparently, the BNP forgot to order all trade that took place in structured products in Germany from December 2, 2015 to December 9, 2015. The Financial Times estimates that 8500 trades may have affected. This is also a question if banks have hedged their positions if the trade has not been booked. Armin S. is quoted with the words "I do not think it's fair if on the one hand, BNP wants to rely on legal protection clauses but on the other hand they ignore all control duties imposed by the regulators - ECB, BaFin and AMF - as long as one full week ".
Sponsors
BNP Paribas has been the main sponsor of tennis. In 1973 became the main sponsor of the French Open, one of the four prestigious Grand Slam tournaments in the sport world. In 2001 the bank began sponsoring the Davis Cup before becoming a primary sponsor in 2002. Also in 2002 became a sponsor of the Paris Masters, one of nine high-profile tournaments of the ATP World Tour Masters series 1000. It also extended to the United States in 2009 when he became the main sponsor of Indian Wells Masters, a two-week tournament in California which is also one of nine Masters 1000 series. The Stanford Classic, since 1992, is not sponsored directly by the Bank of the West subsidiary.
Corporate philanthropy
Under the auspices of Fondation de France, the BNP Paribas Foundation has played a key role in corporate philanthropy for over 30 years. It is also encouraging to develop the international philanthropic policy of BNP Paribas in which the Group does business.
The BNP Paribas Foundation aims to expand its activities through a corporate philanthropic approach, dedicated to three areas of action:
- Art: contemporary dance, new circus art, jazz music, art restoration, classical music festivals;
- Solidarity: programs that focus on equal opportunity, social entrepreneurship, against exceptions and extreme shortcomings;
- Environmental Research: support for laboratories in France, in Europe, and on international collaboration to undertake research projects on climate change.
BNP Paribas Foundation supports since 1984, more than 300 cultural projects, 40 research programs, and one thousand social & amp; educational initiatives in France and around the world. The main programs are:
- Dreaming , a new international education program based on art practice;
- BNP Paribas for Art , a program that supports the restoration of works of art since 1994;
- Climate Initiative , to support fundamental research on climate change;
- Banlieues Projet , initiatives made in connection with the BNP Paribas network of institutions within Solidarity activities;
- Help for Help , a program that promotes Group staff initiatives as a volunteer.
In 2015, BNP Paribas Corporate Philanthropy in the world represents a commitment of nearly 40 million euros.
By 2015, Aei Standard Ethics has provided BNP Paribas (EE) Sustainability Rating to include it in the Standard Ethics Ethics Index.
Current and former well-known employees
- AndrÃÆ' Â © Azoulay
- Frank Jacobs - first vice president of BNP Paribas
- Jacques de LarosiÃÆ'¨re - the managing director of the International Monetary Fund (1978-87); Governor of Banque de France (1987-93)
- Lorenz from Habsburg, Archduke from Austria-Este
- Louis Alphonse of Bourbon, Duke of Anjou - considered by the royalists as the head of the French Royal House
- Nassim Taleb - financial math practitioner
- David McWilliams - economist
See also
- Cortal Provider
- European Financial Services Roundtable
- List of banks
- List of French companies
- List of investment banks
- List of investors at Bernard L. Madoff Securities
- Primary Dealer
- Angolagate
References
External links
Media related to BNP Paribas on Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- List of BNP Paribas branches and ATMs in France (with address, contact, and opening hours agent)
- Source d'Histoire, Department of Archives and History website at BNP Paribas
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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